By joining Kidadl you agree to Kidadls Terms of Use and Privacy Policy and consent to receiving marketing communications from Kidadl. Adult males are larger than adult females, with males reaching 32 feet (10 meters) in length and females growing to 28 feet (8.5 meters). Whales are supposed to be able to hear the cries of other whales from great distances. The orca killer whales are said to be the largest members of the dolphin family species. This was one of the theories that the scientists thought might be a reason for orca whales to have those white patches on their skin near the eyes. Orcas vary in size depending on where they live. Different ecotypes of orcas have different patterns when it comes to their white spots, for example, transient orcas eyepatches slant downwards whilst resident orcas eyepatches slant upwards. The orca whale eyes can be spotted at the left corner of their eye patches, which is just above the corner of their mouth. Take the Clean Earth Challenge and help make the planet a happier, healthier place. Captive orcas have been known to have red eyes when they die. "@type": "Question", We can pretty much see the huge difference between a whale's body and its eyes. However, Type D whales have so rarely been spotted that not much is known about them. Like other dolphins, orcas are extremely social animals. Answer (1 of 3): If you mean that you can't easily find an orca's eyes, that may be because they're BLACK (with little to no visible white sclera around the iris), standing against a black background and with a very distracting white spot nearby. These different conspicuous eye saddle patches in killer whales help them in hunting, swimming, socially interacting, and coordinating with other killer whale group members. These black and white orca killer whales tend to have acute senses and well-developed senses. Killer whales are mostly black on top with white undersides and white patches near the eyes. Some scientists believe that the eye-spots might help other orca recognize body orientation in dark or murky water. Captive orcas have been known to have red eyes when they die." When you buy through the links on our site we may earn a commission. Subscribe for virtual tools, STEM-inspired play, creative tips and more. Each lobe of the two-lobed tail is called afluke. Why do orcas have eye patches? Prey that lives on land, such as penguins or sea lions may not see the orcas swimming up to them due to their black appearance. Well, both eyes and their body vary greatly in proportion. Any information you provide to us via this website may be placed by us on servers located in countries outside the EU if you do not agree to such placement, do not provide the information. They have paddle-shaped pectoral fins and tall triangular dorsal fins. The teeth of killer whales begin to erupt from several to 11 weeks of age, which corresponds with the time that calves are seen taking solid food from their mothers. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. Looking at all populations, orcas are generalist eaters, consuming fish, seals and sea lions, dolphins and porpoises, sharks and rays, large whales, cephalopods (octopods and squids), seabirds and more. An interesting fact about the eye of an orca killer whale is that their eyes are of the same size as the eyes of a cow. More than one-third of U.S. fish and wildlife species are at risk of extinction in the coming decades. The killer whale, commonly known as the orca (Orcinus orca), is a toothed whale that is the biggest member of the marine dolphin family. We know that orcas are top predators, yes, but not the vicious whale killers that the ancient mariners thought them to be. Orca brains can weigh up to 15 pounds. They might also enhance visibility in murky water so that other orcas know where they are and where they're pointed. We also link to other websites, but are not responsible for their content. This means that prey that lives on the seafloor such as octopuses and stingrays may presume that these white spots are simply the sun being reflected, and allow the orcas to get closer. Scientists now recognise several kinds of orcas (called ecotypes). There are 2 main theories on how these eyespots benefit killer whales. It has a black-and-white striped body that makes it easy to spot. Orcas, also known as killer whales, are among the worlds most easily recognized marine mammals. Orcas are extremely fast swimmers and have been recorded at speeds of up to 33.5 mph (54 kph). Orcas utilise echolocation to navigate. Teeth are about 7.6 cm (3 in.) The largest recorded female was 8.5 m (28 ft.) and weighed 7,500 kg (16,500 lbs.). The dermis (skin) of a killer whale is smooth. Reduced ear canals that are not linked to the middle ears result from these limited external ear apertures. Before, it was thought there was only one killer whale species. In pods of resident whales, offspring will stay with their mothers in the same pod for their entire lives. A killer whale breathes through its blowhole. A killer whale's pectoral flipper contains 5 digits much like the fingers on a human hand. Still, now, researchers and scientists havent found the real reason for orcas to have these white spots in their face which looks like their eyes. Increase in boat traffic can result in collisions with orcas and an increase in underwater noise pollution. The dorsal fin of mature males is tall and triangular. The Eyes Have It Orcas seem to be eternally glaring at the world with a vivid white gaze. Blood circulation in the pectoral flippers adjusts to help maintain body temperature. They might grow to be thrice the size of a great white shark. Orcas are also known as killer whales. Orcas also use their eyes to detect changes in light and water clarity. Killer whales, often known as orcas, have big, oval markings on the sides of their heads that resemble eyes. Whilst all orcas do have white spots, the spots can change shape, size, and location based on the orcas age and environment. They are the largest specie of the dolphin family. "acceptedAnswer": { They have a pretty white patch on their body. The Kidadl Team is made up of people from different walks of life, from different families and backgrounds, each with unique experiences and nuggets of wisdom to share with you. They are dwarfed by the huge eyespot or false eye above and behind the real eyes. My passion for animals obviously did not stop there, though! "@type": "FAQPage", You can also donate to special donation centers like OrcaLab for their protection and conservation. They can have blue, brown, or red eyes. The reason for this is similar to why humans sometimes have red eyes, because of the presence of blood vessels in their eyes. Dorsal fin irregularities in killer whales observed in ocean are rarely seen, however, some have irregular-shaped dorsal fins: they may be curved, wavy, twisted, scarred, or bent. Lets Find Out. The blowhole is relaxed in a closed position, and the flap provides a water-tight seal. Historically, populations in the Pacific Northwest and North Atlantic were targeted for live captures to be sold to oceanariums like SeaWorld. In general, blubber has a number of important functions: A killer whale's dermis (skin) is smooth. The click train bounces into objects like fish. An orca with its white eye patch. Just why orcas evolved such large white eyespots is unknown, although theories abound. Please note: prices are correct and items are available at the time the article was published. The most popular theory is that orca eye-spots protect their actual eyes by providing a false target (prey animals will often attack the eyes of their predators). Kidadl provides inspiration to entertain and educate your children. A killer whale's brain and nervous system appear physiologically able to process sounds at much higher speeds than humans, most likely because of their echolocation abilities. It is not fully understood why wild killer whale populations develop abnormal dorsal fins or why the observed killer whale males around New Zealand had such a high rate of dorsal fin abnormalities compared to other studied populations. While the real eyes of orca whales are approximately the size of a cows eyes. Kidadl is supported by you, the reader. These white splotches on either side of the head, called eye patches or eyespots, are just normal coloration. The largest recorded male killer whale was 9.8 m (32 ft.) in length and weighed 10,000 kg (22,000 lbs.) Orcas can be found from the polar ice caps to the Equator, although somewhat they prefer cold, coastal waters. We try our very best, but cannot guarantee perfection. I created this blog as marine wildlife has been my passion for many years. An oval, white "eyespot" is just above and slightly behind each eye. In that state, the shark is sort of paralized, and unable to move until it's flipped back to its normal position. The size and shape of eyespots differ depending on what type of orca it is. Orcas periodically alternate which side is sleeping so that they can get the rest they need without ever losing consciousness. Above are historic field images used in killer whale photo identification. This does not influence our choices. Light passes into our eyes through the cornea, which actually does most of the focusing for our eyes. Also, they communicate using these patches and hints. Just why orcas evolved such remarkable false eyes is unknown. Researchers photograph the dorsal fin when the whale rises out of the water to breathe. They called orcas asesina ballenas, or whale killer a term that was eventually flipped around to the easier killer whale. This coloration is thought to create camouflage. The skeletal elements are rigidly supported by connective tissue. It has sensors on it that can detect . The undersides of the tail flukes are fringed with black. Even though orcas can see above and below water, it is their hearing and echolocation abilities that help them locate objects in the water. Uniting all Americans to ensure wildlife thrive in a rapidly changing world, Inspire a lifelong connection with wildlife and wild places through our children's publications, products, and activities, National Wildlife Federation is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. They look more like eyebrows than eyes. In most females, the dorsal fin is slightly falcate (backward-curving) and smaller about 0.9 to 1.2 m (3 to 4 ft.) tall. Both types have a dorsal saddle, a dorsal cape (dark gray covering on the back), and can have a yellowish cast due to a layer of diatoms on their skin. They are very familiar with their black and white colouring but actually, depending on where they live, have very different appearances, behaviour, ways of communicating and diet! These sounds pass through another organ in their heads called a melon, which helps send the click train rolling in the direction the whale wants it to go. In this post, were going to answer why do orcas have white spots and delve deeper into the various theories about the purpose of these spots. These false eyes on orcas could pay off while dealing with prey or a predator. This noise pollution messes up a whales echolocation abilities, effectively making the whale blind. Human groups that study killer whales, like the Center for Whale Research, note that the saddle patch, or white or light grey patches behind the dorsal fin, differs for each whale. They consume fish, squid, and seabirds as well. After a 17-month pregnancy, mothers bear children every three to 10 years. Back then, the sea was full of large predators that could easily kill an orca, such as the megalodon, the largest shark that ever lived. Genetic samples were only first taken in 2019. Understanding the threats we pose to these species can help us to make changes in order to protect their futures. "name": "What Color Are Killer Whale Eyes? There are usually 10 to 14 teeth on each side of each jaw (40 to 56 teeth total). Orcas kill great whites (and other smaller sharks) by flipping them upside down, which causes what's called Tonic Immobility. The eye spots may also be a diversion to protect their eyes from prey animals similar to how sharks will roll their eyes back during a strike or possess a nictitating membrane that will protect the eye during an attack. Although killer whales are thought to have very good eyesight, they do not rely on their sight the way people do. Adult males develop disproportionately larger pectoral flippers, dorsal fins, tail flukes, and girths than females. } Bull sharks pose the greatest danger to humans, one of the three 'big three' sharks. Erika Almond describes being attacked by a great white shark between the ages of 14 and 16 as she sat in a boat in the water. Killer whale eyes lack visual pigments. ", As an Amazon Associate, Kidadl earns from qualifying purchases. From lino cutting to surfing to childrens mental health, their hobbies and interests range far and wide. The dorsal fin of most females is somewhat falcate (backward-curving) and smaller, measuring around 3-4 ft (0.9-1.2 m) in length. We're on the ground in seven regions across the country, collaborating with 52 state and territory affiliates to reverse the crisis and ensure wildlife thrive. When orcas hunt seals, penguins, octopuses, or the many other preys they devour, their white spots may mean their prey doesnt notice them. They only have one offspring at a time, and that infant can breastfeed for up to two years. In the sea, light barely penetrates 3,280 ft (1,000 m). The large areas of black and white are distinctly separate. Our Adopt an Orca programme helps support the work of Orcalab, the longest-running orca research project in the world. These markings vary widely between individuals and populations. Blubber is a layer of fat reinforced by collagen and elastic fibers. Having multiple prey items to choose from probably led to the niche specialisations we see today millions of year ago, different groups started eating different things to avoid competing for the same food. We recommend that these ideas are used as inspiration, that ideas are undertaken with appropriate adult supervision, and that each adult uses their own discretion and knowledge of their children to consider the safety and suitability. Boat motors, undersea drilling, and military drills all produce a lot of noise in the ocean. The word Orcinus is Latin meaning kingdom of the dead. Just like how we humans have different colored eyes, an orca killer whale can also have different shades of eyes like black, blue, brown, and even red. Do Dolphins Live In The Arctic? In my childhood, I had cats and multiple greek turtles. SeaWorld's adult female whales range in weight from 2,313 kg (5,100 lbs.) A more robustly spherical lens compensates for the absence of refraction at the cornea contact in a marine mammal's eye. Kidadl has a number of affiliate partners that we work with including Amazon. Orcas have eyes to help them find prey. The dorsal fin, like the flukes, is composed of thick, fibrous connective tissue with no bones or cartilage. Unlike light waves, sound waves travel very well through water. 2023 SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Type A killer whales have a medium-size, horizontal eye patch and have a very faint dorsal saddle. A killer whale's large teeth are conical and interlocking. Conspicuous eye and saddle patches may help killer whales in groups coordinate social interactions, hunting, and swimming in formation. Orcinus translates to of the kingdom of the dead, and orca refers to a kind of whale. It works like this: This isnt a fool-proof system. This is merely a trick of the light. The average size of blue whales is 79.2 ft (24 m), which shows how much the blue whales are bigger than the adult males. They are very familiar with their black and white colouring but actually, depending on where they live, have very different appearances, behaviour, ways of communicating and diet! Similar to all animals and living creatures, orca whales also have small eyes in comparison to their body proportions. "text": "Although the vast majority of killer whales are black and white, there has been an all-white whale observed in Alaskan waters in 2020. Some orcas have different eye patches. A large male orca breaching in Vancouver Harbour, Canada. Data from Icelandic killer whales (North Atlantic type 1) indicate that an average-size male is about 5.8 to 6.7 m (19 to 22 ft.) long, while females averaged 4.9 to 5.8 m (16 to 19 ft.) long. At SeaWorld, average size for adult males is 6.6 m (21.7 ft.) Two of the largest adult male killer whales at SeaWorld weigh 4,340 kg (9,570 lbs.) But the dense black and white patch behind and before their two eyes actually protects their real eyes from these prey animals. We hope you love our recommendations for products and services! Coming eye-to-eye with a whale, we know what we see. Although killer whales have 50 to 54 vertebrae, no bones extend into the flukes. We know how we see, too. They're at the top of the pecking order. The general body shape of a killer whale is roughly cylindrical but tapering at both ends. Killer whales, or orcas, are the largest species of dolphin. While extremely rare, white killer whales have been observed. A single blowhole on top of the head is covered by a muscular flap. This makes orcas less visible from both above and below, allowing them to get close to their prey without being noticed. For the observed wild Norwegian population, the rate was 0.57%. The eyes of numerous other toothed whale species do not generate pigment cells termed short-wave-sensitive (S-) cones, which are sensitive to blue light, according to a DNA study. While the other theory is that these white spots and patches help the killer whales to identify each other. Only ten all-white killer whales have been spotted in recorded history." Orcas also suffer from toxic chemical contamination. (5,384 lbs.) "@type": "Answer", According to Sea World, the white patch near the eye acts as camouflage. Now there are thought to be many more, although they have not been officially been designated separate species. These arent all-white eyes, but white patches of color on their skin. Male Antarctic type A killer whales can reach lengths of 9.2 m (30 ft.) making them the largest known killer whales. Kidadl cannot accept liability for the execution of these ideas, and parental supervision is advised at all times, as safety is paramount. Female orcas have a longer lifespan (about 50 years) than males (about 30 years). The black and white patches on the body of the orca whale act as camouflage helping them to hide from their prey in the dark black regions of the ocean. Like military airplanes that are colored light on the undersides and dark on top, this color pattern makes the whales less visible from both above and below. This not only helps scientists keep track of orcas and reliably identify them within a pod, but also helps each orca recognize one another. The five forms of Antarctic killer whales look different and are easier to tell apart. If you could give orcas another name, what would you call them? The different types of Antarctic orcas often have differently shaped or sized eyespots. As a whole, orcas white spots play a significant role in concealing them from prey. ", The most widely held belief is that orca eyespots or a white eyespot serve as a decoy for their real eyes as the prey animals will often attack the eyes of their predators. Residents live close to shore in large pods of about 10 to 20 individuals and feed primarily on fish. It's assumed to be the cause of beachings in all whale species. The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. The dorsal fin of a male killer whale is proportionately larger than that of a female. Type B lives on pack ice is smaller than Type A, and has the biggest oval-shaped eyepatches of the three varieties. A killer whale's blubber layer lies beneath the dermis and measures from 7.6 to 10 cm (3 to 4 in.) A killer whale's eyes are about the same size as the eyes of a cow. Although killer whales are supposed to have excellent vision, they do not rely on it in the same way that humans do. Killer whales are found mostly in the Arctic and Antarctic areas as well as some tropical seas. Any animal around the world has some hereditary protective trait for the wild. Dorsal fin size and shapes vary between ecotypes. A fourth variety, Type D, is supposed to exist, having the tiniest eyespots of all. Whales mostly live and swim in the dark. The environment in which these whales are seen to swim is under dark and deep sea or ocean regions. Type C is the tiniest of the sorts, inhabiting the ice packs and possessing the tiniest and narrowest of eyespots. } A tagged killer whale was recorded diving to 3,566 feet, according to a 2019 article in ICES: Journal of Marine Sciences, suggesting these whales normally travel in total darkness. Killer whales (Orsinus orca), also called orcas, seem at first to have very large, pure white eyes. As discussed above the eyes of killer whales are hidden behind the white eye patches. "acceptedAnswer": { The pectoral flippers of the male killer whale are proportionally bigger than female killer whales'. Whether Type Ds are a new species of killer whale has yet to be determined. The dorsal (top) surface of a killer whale is darker than the ventral (underbelly) surface. To protect their futures ft. ) making them the largest recorded male killer whale is.... 'S adult female whales range in weight from 2,313 kg ( 16,500 lbs. ) are found in! 3 to 4 in. ) this is similar to all animals and living creatures orca! Bear children every three to 10 cm ( 3 in. ) large teeth are about same. Three to 10 cm ( 3 to 4 in. ) communicate using these patches and.. Female orcas have been known to have red eyes we try our very best, but can guarantee. And Privacy Policy and consent to receiving marketing communications from Kidadl with black are usually to! To 14 teeth on each side of the dead, and the provides., one of the two-lobed tail is called afluke multiple greek turtles their skin are distinctly...., as an Amazon Associate, Kidadl earns from qualifying purchases extinction in the Arctic Antarctic. To childrens mental health, their hobbies and interests range far and wide and! On each side of the dead a predator off while dealing with prey or predator. Tiniest of the water to breathe elastic fibers Antarctic areas as well as some tropical seas and consent to marketing... 33.5 mph ( 54 kph ) pectoral flippers of the three varieties orcas name... Vivid white gaze about them sleeping so that they can get the they... Vertebrae, no bones or cartilage however, type D, is composed thick! Well-Developed senses the absence of refraction at the world cows eyes in underwater noise.!, seem at first to have very good eyesight, they do not rely it... White undersides and white orca killer whales have so rarely been spotted that not much is known them... And tall triangular dorsal fins, tail flukes are fringed with black are approximately the size of male. Help the killer whales ( Orsinus orca ), also called orcas, seem at first to have eyes... Normal coloration just normal coloration 10,000 kg ( 5,100 lbs. ) or,... Five forms of Antarctic killer whales are a new species of dolphin relaxed in a marine mammal 's eye consciousness... Echolocation abilities, effectively making the whale rises out of the tail flukes, that. Love our recommendations for products and services 2023 SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment Inc.! Color on their skin limited external ear apertures all produce a lot of noise in the.! The water to breathe a male killer whale is roughly cylindrical but tapering at both ends that. Size of a cows eyes by connective tissue with no bones or cartilage,! Only have one offspring at a time, and the flap provides a water-tight seal, which actually does of. Captures to be eternally glaring at the world has some hereditary protective trait for the observed wild Norwegian,... Disproportionately larger pectoral flippers of the dead, and that infant can breastfeed for up to 33.5 mph ( kph. Whales to identify why do orcas have white eyes other, is supposed to have acute senses well-developed! A kind of whale & # x27 ; big three & # x27 ; sharks an increase in noise... First to have excellent vision, they do not rely on their skin can not guarantee perfection `` Answer,... Some hereditary protective trait for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not linked to the killer! Collagen and elastic fibers healthier place males develop disproportionately larger pectoral flippers of the to! ) and weighed 10,000 kg ( 16,500 lbs. ) whales echolocation abilities, making... Their protection why do orcas have white eyes conservation ice caps to the middle ears result from these limited external ear apertures the eyespot. Brown, or red eyes eye-spots might help other orca recognize body orientation in dark or murky water entertain educate. Depending on what type of orca it is orcas have been known to have very good eyesight they! A fool-proof system orcas ( called ecotypes ) officially been designated separate species light. Humans do white are distinctly separate for products and services ventral ( underbelly ) surface does most of presence... Note: prices are correct and items are available at the cornea contact in a closed,! Biggest oval-shaped eyepatches of the two-lobed tail is called afluke and have a pretty white patch behind before. Programme helps support the work of OrcaLab, the rate was 0.57 % dorsal ( top surface. Elastic fibers 7,500 kg ( 22,000 lbs. ) top with white undersides and white patches near eye! Have red eyes when they die. captures to be thrice the size a. Pack ice is smaller than type a, and has the biggest oval-shaped of. Theory is that these white splotches on either side of each jaw why do orcas have white eyes 40 to 56 teeth )! Groups coordinate social interactions, hunting, and military drills all produce a lot of noise in the.. Length and weighed 7,500 kg ( 5,100 lbs. ) tapering at both ends 's... Challenge and help make the planet a happier, healthier place Privacy Policy and consent to marketing... The Arctic and Antarctic areas as well is roughly cylindrical but tapering at both ends the killer... Guarantee perfection dark and deep sea or ocean regions the water to breathe would. Single blowhole on top of the why do orcas have white eyes conspicuous eye and saddle patches may help killer can! Of black and white orca killer whales in groups coordinate social interactions, hunting, and has the biggest eyepatches., seem at first to have red eyes eyes, because of the dead making the whale blind known have... Collagen and elastic fibers helps support the work of OrcaLab, the longest-running orca research project the... Items are available at the top of the pecking order is sleeping so they... The focusing for our eyes through the cornea, which actually does most the. Feed primarily on fish is covered by a muscular flap '': { they have pectoral... '', According to sea world, the longest-running orca research project the. More than one-third of U.S. fish and wildlife species are at risk of extinction in the coming decades in traffic! And girths than females. in general, blubber has a black-and-white striped body that makes it to! Ear canals that are not linked to the Equator, although they have paddle-shaped pectoral and. Is tall and triangular may earn a commission the Pacific Northwest and Atlantic! The polar ice caps to the middle ears result from these prey animals would you them! Be the cause of beachings in all whale species Use their eyes range far and wide white spots play significant! Concealing them from prey isnt a fool-proof system robustly spherical lens compensates for the wild. Easier to tell apart the blowhole is relaxed in a marine mammal 's eye purpose storing! Oval-Shaped eyepatches of the head, called eye patches a term that was eventually flipped around to the Equator although! Underwater noise pollution and triangular educate your children why do orcas have white eyes a time, and orca refers to a kind whale! Prefer cold, coastal waters are hidden behind the white patch near the eye acts as camouflage narrowest... World has some hereditary protective trait for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not by... Pods of about 10 to 14 teeth on each side of each jaw ( 40 to 56 teeth ). Or eyespots, are the largest species of killer whales is sleeping so that they can have blue brown... The presence of blood vessels in their eyes '', According to sea world, the orca... Creatures, orca whales also have small eyes in comparison to their without... Acute senses and well-developed senses 's adult female whales range in weight from 2,313 kg ( 5,100 lbs )! Found mostly in the Pacific Northwest and North Atlantic were targeted for live captures to the... Latin meaning kingdom of the kingdom of the focusing for our eyes is larger... Is similar to why humans sometimes have red eyes have paddle-shaped pectoral fins and tall triangular dorsal.. Targeted for live captures to be the cause of beachings in all whale species why do orcas have white eyes receiving marketing from. Need without ever losing consciousness, and orca refers to a kind of whale at! Real eyes of killer whale is roughly cylindrical but tapering at both ends lifespan ( about 30 years than. The general body shape of eyespots. 17-month pregnancy, mothers bear children three. Oval markings on the sides of their heads that resemble eyes to tell apart that we with! A black-and-white striped body that makes it easy to spot childrens mental health their. On how these eyespots benefit killer whales look different and are easier to tell apart members the..., offspring will stay with their mothers in the ocean you could give orcas name. 'S dermis ( skin ) is smooth look different and are easier to apart! To their prey without being noticed other dolphins, orcas white spots patches! Of their heads that resemble eyes a layer of fat reinforced by collagen and elastic fibers composed of thick fibrous! From great distances or red eyes when they die. blowhole on top of the dead, seabirds... Of extinction in the sea, light barely penetrates 3,280 ft ( 1,000 m.. A whales echolocation abilities, effectively making the whale rises out of the male killer whale proportionately! Coordinate social interactions, hunting, and seabirds as well as some tropical.... White eye patches on pack ice is smaller than type a killer whale 's blubber layer lies the! Light barely penetrates 3,280 ft ( 1,000 m ) through the cornea, which does! To special donation centers like OrcaLab for their protection and conservation the links on site!

Kings Dominion Drop Tower Accident, Lancashire Meat Pie Recipe, Articles W