So far, the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) has become one of the most widely used measures to assess depressive symptoms and their severity in adolescents and adults [4]. (2018, February 3). Azocar, F., Aren, P., Miranda, J., & Muoz, R.F. Depression is a condition that changes millions of lives in a certain period of time. Bleiberg, K.L., & Markowitz, J.C. (2005). Eur Psychiatry. 1203 Words; 5 Pages; Introduction. You need to invest in your inventory. Psychometric properties of the Spanish Beck Depression Inventory-II in a medical sample. It is important to keep in mind that the BDI is a self-report measure. More importantly, the detection and treatment of depression have become a matter of high priority in low and middle-income countries [43] such as Dominican Republic, despite psychometrically validated measures are currently lacking. [33] found that a hierarchical model comprising one general factor of depression and three factors of negative attitude, performance difficulty and somatic elements fitted well to data and were fully invariant across Hong Kong and American adolescents. The PHQ-9 can function as a screening tool, an aid in diagnosis, and as a symptom tracking tool that can help track a patient's overall . Dozois, D.J.A., Dobson, K.S., & Ahnberg, M.J.L. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) Reference Beck, Ward, Mendelson, Mock and Erbaugh 1 and its revised version (BDI-II) are some of the most frequently used self-rating scales for measuring the severity of depressive symptoms. [34] tested fifteen competing BDI-II models including unidimensional, multidimensional and bifactor models, and revealed that bifactor models provided the best fit to the data, supporting the view that BDI-II assesses a single latent construct. The 21-item BDI was built by Beck and colleagues in 1961 at the Center for Cognitive Therapy (Beck et al., 1961) for use in cognitive psychotherapy to rate the presence of depression-related cognitive distortion.The original version has received several reformulations to improve clinical and research needs. One study involving a confirmatory factor analysis of the CES-D and the original BDI, failed to validate a single-factor model (Skorikov & Vandervoort, 2003). If you are concerned about your level of depression, it is important to discuss your symptoms with a mental health professional. Hopefully, this study will help to change this situation. In conclusion, for both statistical and clinical reasons it seems more appropriate to use BDI-II total and factor scores. (2014, January 28). Beck Depression Inventory-II. BDI-IA. Beck Depression Inventory. (n.d.). Kubany, E.S., Hill, E.E., Owens, J.A., Iannce-Spencer, C., McCaig, M.A., Tremayne, K.J., & Williams, P.L. How do they differ and what does this mean for depression research? Discover a faster, simpler path to publishing in a high-quality journal. The BDI test is widely known and has been tested for content, concurrent, and construct validity.High concurrent validity ratings are given between the BDI and other depression instruments as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and the Hamilton Depression Scale; 0.77 correlation rating was calculated when compared with inventory . Depression InventoryII (BDIII) [5]. Five screening items reduce the length and the intrusiveness of the questionnaire for patients who are nonsuicidal. Preliminary analysis using SPSS v20 was carried out to examine outliers, missing values and to test assumptions of univariate and multivariate normality. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, BDI-II), created by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used instruments for measuring the severity of depression. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 43(4), 413-431. . Universidad Siglo 21, Crdoba, Argentina, They gave an overview of Beck's ideas: "Individuals who are depressed misinterpret facts and experiences in a negative fashion, limiting their focus to the negative aspects . He found similar psychometrics for the non-clinical sample, but results of his confirmatory factor analysis suggested that a 3-factor model, comprised of negative attitude, performance difficulty, and somatic dimensions, provided a better fit than the traditional 2-factor model. They also reported good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity. Parents of children with PTSD symptoms related to sexual abuse and traumatic bereavement show decreases in BDI symptoms after participating in treatment with their children (Cohen, Deblinger, Mannarino & Steer, 2004; Cohen, Mannarino, & Knudsen, 2004). You will need to add up the score reported for each of the 21 questions ranging from zero to three. Depression is a common condition affecting people of all ages and races [], with high prevalence among youngsters in Latin America [2-4].Early onset depression is of interest because of the need to identify early cases of depression and potentially prevent or reduce consequences later in life [5, 6].Between 20% to 33% of those who meet criteria for the diagnosis of lifetime major depression . Bifactor models, in contrast, allow to examine a non-hierarchical general factor independently of the specific factors and to simultaneously test the extent to which the common variance between items are explained by the orthogonal general factor and by the specific factors that are tested [32]. 2017;14(1):30-36. doi:10.4306/pi.2017.14.1.30, Phan T, Carter O, Adams C, et al. (2004). Screening, Identification, and Assessment, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Trauma-Informed Organizational Assessment, National Veteran and Military Families Month, Sensitive to Theoretically Distinct Groups. Byrne, B.M., Stewart, S.M., & Lee, P.W.H. (2002). On the other hand, values lower than .06 for the RMSEA are considered optimal and lower than .08 are considered acceptable. Within the hospital sample, 76.5% came in for routine checkups, 15.3% sought help for cardiac and hypertension conditions and 8.2% went to the psychiatric service. BDI-II scores are correlated with scores on the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the MMPI-A, and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised; and BDI-II scores discriminate between adolescents who do and do not meet DSM-IV criteria for a major depressive disorder (Krefetz et al., 2002; Kumar et al., 2002). Psychological Assessment, 16(2), 120-132. Validity and Reliability. International Journal of Testing, 4(3), 199-216. . Project administration, * E-mail: zgarcia@pucmm.edu.do, zoiloegarcia@gmail.com. Subica et al. here. If you are concerned about your level of depression, it is important to discuss your symptoms with a mental health professional. Copyright: 2018 Garca-Batista et al. In adults, the BDI-II has been found to correlate with multiple measures of depression including the Center for Epidemiological Studies of Depression Scale (CES-D), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and the Revised Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale for Depression (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996). PMID: 32962793; PMCID: PMC7681155. PLOS ONE promises fair, rigorous peer review, Raw scores of 0 to 13 indicates minimal depression, 14 to 19 indicates mild depression, 20 to 28 indicates moderate depression, and 29 to 63 indicates severe depression. Psychiatry Research, 110, 291-299. prezi.com. The BDI is not a diagnostic test, but it can help health care providers make a diagnosis. Results are summarized in Table 2. Smarr KL, Keefer AL. Hierarchical models are represented by a group of strategies that examine the plausibility of a general factor as a higher-order structure to explain the variance of the dimensions. The items on the BDI-II were developed to assess an individual's depressive symptoms based on DSM-IV criteria for depressive disorders. Their findings replicate what has been found in Canadian, Swedish, and Bulgarian non-clinical adolescents, but are different from factor analyses conducted with inpatient and outpatient adolescents in the United States. International Journal of Stress Management, 12(1), 29-42. Full scale consists of 21 test items. It is worth noting that the BDI-II is not only extensively applied for research purposes but also in clinical practice, being the third test most used among Spanish professionals [7]. Psychiatry Investig. Cole, J.C., Grossman, I., Prillman, C., & Hunsaker, E. (2003). Clear Lake Regional Medical Center, Webster, Texas, USA [E-mail: aofpharm420@hotmail.com] I. 2. However, 30% of bilingual participants would be placed in a different depressive category depending on whether their Spanish or English scores are used. (1961). Moreover, despite most of the items variances were accounted by the general depression factor, the three specific factors (cognitive, affective, and somatic) explained a non-redundant amount of variance. The CDI is used to scale the severity of depressive symptoms in children. Discriminant validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Beck Depression Inventory (II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory to confirmed clinical diagnosis of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Hopelessness is an important psychological construct, defined as negative expectations regarding oneself and one's future life and a negative emotional state characterized by the lack of finding a solution for one's problems ().In his research focused on depression mood and suicidal behavior, Beck (2-5) observed that patients diagnosed with depressive disorders shared . San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation. The protocol registration number in CONABIOS was 0282014.". 0 I do not feel sad. They reported that BDI-II scores were negatively correlated to SES and acculturation and positively correlated with disease severity. Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, 59(2), 127-134. The BDI has also been found to be related to the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Survey and to a measure of alexithymia in a sample of Turkish adolescents (Sayar, Kose, Grabe, & Murat, 2005). The BDI has been developed in different forms, including several computerized forms, a card form (May, Urquhart, Tarran, 1969, cited in Groth-Marnat, 1990), the 13-item short form and the more recent BDI . Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57(3), 355-365. All participants agreed to participate voluntarily and provided written consent prior to complete the inventory and after information about purposes of the study were provided. The BDI has also been used with individuals with vicarious traumatization with scores on a Secondary Trauma Scale related to higher levels of depression (Motta, Newman, Lombardo, & Silverman, 2004). It has been used in samples of combat veterans, women who have experienced intimate partner violence and sexual abuse, and in numerous treatment outcome studies for PTSD. The Beck Depression Inventory A study done by Boury et al. The CDI is a tool that mental health professionals use to measure the cognitive, affective, and behavioral signs of depression in children and adolescents between the ages of 7 and 17. Kumar, G., Steer, R.A., Teitelman, K.B., & Villacis, L. (2002). Factor analysis of the BDI-II has generally identified a 2-factor structure in adult outpatient and non-clinical samples, measuring cognitive-affective and somatic depressive symptoms (Dozois, Dobson, & Ahnberg, 1998; Storch, Roberti, & Roth, 2004). Because the items in the BAI describe the emotional, physiological, and cognitive symptoms of anxiety but not depression, it can . Yes To sum up, the CFA results indicate that depression as measured by BDI-II can be conceptualized by cognitive, affective and somatic symptoms, and these symptoms may vary significantly depending on the severity of the depression (i.e., the depression general factor). Author: Aaron T. Beck. Thus, in contrast to different authors who advocate the use of BDI-II total scores and questioned the validity of subscales [13,34], the present findings support the use of the BDI-II total score along with scores corresponding to each subscale, in agreement with Beck et al. (2001). This is in line with different studies that supported a bifactor latent structure to the BDI-II [13,36,37,38]. Scoring The Beck Depression Inventory. The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) is currently one of the most widely used measures in both research and clinical practice for assessing depression. The Beck Depression Inventory is one of the most popular assessments of depression today. Individuals treated with interpersonal psychotherapy adapted for PTSD also show decreases in BDI-II scores following treatment (Bleiberg & Markowitz, 2005). More research is needed on the use of the BDI-II with diverse groups of adolescents. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. lack of information when it comes to applying the test to other medias. The corrected item-total correlation was also calculated for the items of each factor. Items are summed to create a total score, with higher scores indicating higher levels of depression. (2004). The original BDI consisted of 21 items, each of which corresponded to a symptom of depression. An inventory for measuring depression. Self-Reported Measure. Convergent validity of the Beck Depression Inventory-II with the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale in psychiatric inpatients. Additionally, more sophisticated analysis into the BDI-II factor structure including hierarchical and bifactor models have been tested. Although the age range for the measure is from 17 to 80, the measure has been used in peer-reviewed studies with younger adolescents . In order to compare the fit of the models, the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was also considered. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 43(10), 1225-1233. Journal of Affective Disorders, 82, 315-320. Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of "Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder" and "7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety.". Although the measure can be used for adolescents, the norms were gathered with adults. The funder had no role in the design of the study, data collection and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. We will write a custom Assessment on Beck Depression Inventory, Its History and Benefits specifically for you. A self-report depression inventory administered verbally or self administered. Pontificia Universidad Catlica Madre y Maestra, Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic, Affiliation Each question has a set of at least four possible answer choices, ranging in intensity. They found that none of the two-factor models have acceptable fit and, in contrast, all the corresponding bifactor models showed good fit indices, concluding that only BDI-II total score should be used to measure the severity of depression. Penley, Wiebe, & Nwosu (2003) examined the psychometrics of the Spanish translation of the BDI II in a sample of predominantly Hispanic adults undergoing medical treatment for hemodialysis, many of whom were of lower SES. If you are looking for a quick and easy way to take the Beck Depression Inventory or if you are a doctor looking to give it to your patients, there are a few versions available: It is important to note that the official BDI is copyrighted and available on Pearson's website. Cohen, J.A., Deblinger, A., Mannarino, A.P., & Steer, R.A. (2004). Dictionary . Criterion-based validity have also shown acceptable sensitivity and specificity of the BDI-II for detecting depression, supporting its clinical utility as an aid measure for diagnostic purposes [2,14,15]. The Self-report study based on the symptoms described by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) [6], which makes measuring depressive severity possible. The mean age was 27.07 (SD = 11.18). In particular, Model 1 assumes depression as a unitary construct and, therefore, all BDI-II items were allowed to load into a single factor (Depression) [20]; Model 2 tested a two-factor model represented by cognitive-affective and somatic factors [45]; Model 3 tested the original two-factor model identified by Beck et al. evaluated with the ESRD population in mind, including the pros and cons, applicable age groups, and the . This is perhaps better expressed in terms of average factorial loads, where a greater influence on general factor items (average = .52) is observed compared to those observed for the specific cognitive (average = .26), affective (average = .23) and somatic (average = .24) factors. Beck Depression Inventory 2nd Edition (BDI-II) is a popular measure intended to assess the existence and severity of symptoms of depression in consistent with in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Psychol Assess. In addition, they help show that the individual contribution of each specific factor is relatively weak in comparison with the influence exerted by the depression factor. It has been used in multiple studies, including in treatment-outcome studies for individuals who have experienced traumas. There are multiple studies examining the reliability and validity of the BDI-II with other cultural groups). 2015;27(1):68-81. doi:10.1037/pas0000026, Wang YP, Gorenstein C. Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II: a comprehensive review. In contrast, all the corresponding bifactor models fitted well to the data. Although the psychometric properties of the scale have been well established through many studies worldwide, so far there is no study examining the validity and reliability of BDI-II in Republic Dominican. The validity of the Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form as a screening and diagnostic instrument for moderate and severe depression in medical inpatients. The BDI can be used, but is not limited to, persons with stroke. For example, individuals are asked to respond to each question based on a two-week time period rather than the one-week timeframe on the BDI. Its development marked a shift among health care professionals, who had until then viewed depression from a psychodynamic perspective, instead of it being rooted in the patients own thoughts. Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J., & ERBAUGH, J. The inventory is composed of items relating to depressive symptoms such as: Hopelessness and irritability. Participants were selecting by convenience from general population (N = 797) and hospital population (N = 243). 1 I feel sad 2 I am sad all the time and I can't snap out of it. The beck depression inventory (BDI), a 21-item questionnaire widely used as a screening tool for affective, psychological, and somatic symptoms associated with depression. Steer, R.A., Kumar, G., Ranieri, W.F., & Beck, A.T. (1998). Manual for the Beck Depression Inventory-II. No, Is the Subject Area "Primary care" applicable to this article? Psychological Assessment, 10, 83-89. Emotion, 5(1), 103-112. But despite this number putting depression as one of the leading causes of global ill-health . The authors revised the BDI to be more consistent with the criteria for depression found in the DSM-IV. An inventory for measuring depression. This is a copyrighted measure. Click through the PLOS taxonomy to find articles in your field. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, BDI-II), created by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used instruments for measuring the severity of depression. Beck's Depression Inventory . 1 I feel sad 2 I am sad all the time and I can't snap out of it. Depression is a common mood disorder that affects individualfunctioning individual functioning across different domains. The BDI was developed by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, a psychiatrist, and released in 1961. Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., & Brown, G.K. (1996). One of the most popular measures used all around the world, is the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (Wang & Gorenstein, 2013). In practice, this finding implies that BDI-II items can be summed to form an overall score, with higher total scores indicating greater level of depression severity [32]. The test has its advantages and disadvantages. One thousand and forty individuals (54.9% women and 45.1% men) from Dominican Republic participated in the study. (This is a sampling of the literature in this area. Crossref. Bilingual participants completed both English and Spanish versions, with comparable scores across language administrations. The BDI-II was revised in 1996 to be more consistent with DSMIV criteria for depression. Or not? From a practical standpoint, the lack of assessment tools for depression may not make available protocols for early identification of depression symptoms at primary care units. The NCTSN is funded by the Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and jointly coordinated by UCLA and Duke University. Braz J Psychiatry. Validation of the BDI-II in a low-income African American sample of medical outpatients. If you are having suicidal thoughts, contact the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255 for support and assistance from a trained counselor. If you are concerned about your level of depression, there are many resources available to help you. This can involve medical examinations and laboratory tests, as well as psychological assessments like the Beck Depression Inventory and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (Shankman et al., 2018). A number of studies report that females score significantly higher than males do on the BDI in adult (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) and adolescent populations (Kumar, Steer, Teitelman, & Villacis, 2002; Osman, Kopper, Guttierez, Barrios, & Bagge, 2004; Steer, Kumar, Ranieri, & Beck, 1998). Thus, future investigation should examine the robustness of BDI-II against social desirability responses in order to ensure a correct interpretation of the scores. The lack of psychometrically well-established measures for assessing depression in community hinder the early detection of symptoms, the evaluation of the effectiveness of interventions and the development of research programs aimed to identify risk factors associated to depression in Dominican population. The BDI-II is a great tool for diagnosing depression, but it is not a device that is meant to be used in replace of diagnosing depression. The psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the BDI-II has been examined with students aged 18-37 at the University of Bahrain. Treatment also involves helping clients evaluate negative beliefs about themselves, the world, and the future that lead to them feel depressed. Criterion validity, severity cut scores, and test-retest reliability of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in a university counseling center sample. Carmody D. P. (2005). EMDR therapy following the 9/11 terrorist attacks: A community-based intervention project in New York City. Skorikov, V.B., & Vandervoort, D.J. Aaron T. Beck, M.D. There were 120 college students enrolled in an introductory psychology course, who comprised the "normal group." The mean age was 37.20 (SD=15.91). The BDI-II is widely used as an indicator . Benefits. Several factor structure models, including one-factor, two-factor, three-factor and bifactor models were tested with the purport to determine the optimal factor structure. Grothe, K.B., Dutton, G.R., Jones, GN., Bodenlos, J., Ancona, M., & Brantley, P.J. Therefore, future research should provide additional evidence of BDI-II validity to a more substantial degree. According to Steer et al. Its content validity is ensured because most of its items are equivalent to the DSM-IV criteria for depression. The BDI can also be used to monitor the course of treatment. Analyses of adolescents have identified different but related factor solutions (see below). The majority of studies conducted with adolescents have been predominantly Caucasian and have not included large numbers of individuals of lower socio-economic status. Yes International Journal of Emergency Medicine, 6(2), 67-74. The BDI includes 21 items, each of which corresponds to a symptom of depression. (2004) examined the reliability and validity of the BAI and BDI in a sample of 1,110 Latino and 2,703 Caucasian undergraduate students. Allen S. Scoring the Beck Depression Inventory. Developing a culturally appropriate depression prevention program: The Family Coping Skills Program. (2005) factor analyzed data from a low-income African American outpatient sample. In contrast, findings concerning BDI-II factor structure have been somewhat inconsistent. For access to the measure(s), please contact the copyright holdershere. Confirmatory factor analyses with adolescent psychiatric inpatients (Osman et al., 2004) identified a 2-factor solution as the most parsimonious and interpretable. The normative sample included outpatients from various clinics and hospitals located in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Kentucky who were used as part of the measure development for the BDI-II. There are different versions of the BDI: the original BDI which was published in 1961 and then revised in 1971 (BDI-1A), and the BDI-II which was published in 1961 (Wikipedia, 2007). Download Free PDF. There are several other depression screens that are not proprietary and are in the public domain for use. In this article, we will discuss the characteristics and specifications of the Beck Anxiety Inventory. The procedure used to determine the cut scores may increase the likelihood of false positives or overdiagnoses of depression among clients. Feelings like guilt, loneliness, and fear can make a serious impact on a person's ability to feel hopeful and happy. Legal Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition and Criminological Psychology, 7, 187-201. To examine model fit,the chi-square value (2), the comparative fit index (CFI), the goodness-of-fit index (GFI), the Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) and the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). This disorder is characterized by changes in sleep, appetite and psychomotricity, decreased concentration and decision-making ability, loss of self-confidence, feelings of inferiority or worthlessness and guilt, as well as despair and recurrent thoughts of death with ideation, planning and/or suicidal acts. As expected, statistically significant differences were observed with higher averages in the hospital sample. This is particularly important in Republic Dominican as mental health at primary care centers is underdeveloped [56]. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a self-report questionnaire used to measure the severity of depression. The idea of depression as it is supported by cognitive impairment has a specific program in psychotherapy (CBT), which plans to challenge and kill them in ways, for example, by cognitive restructuring. Yes The content of the inventory is clinically . The BDI-II is a widely used 21-item self-report inventory measuring the severity of depression in adolescents and adults. (2005). BDI assesses key symptoms of depression including mood, pessimism, sense of failure, self-dissatisfaction, guilt, punishment, self-dislike, self-accusation . It has been translated into languages other than English, and its psychometric properties have been established in numerous cultural groups including the deaf population. Furlanetto, L.M., Mendlowicz, M.V., & Bueno, J.R. (2005). Moreover, despite that cultural convergence is being accelerated due to increased globalization [39] and that major depression has been reported worldwide [40] there are considerable cross-cultural differences in the symptomatology of depression [41]. In short, Beck's theory provides a basis for encouraging depressed people to develop confidence in themselves by avoiding the negative triad. The other pro is that it has a very high internal consistency. Yes International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 9(1), 22-28. No, Is the Subject Area "Psychometrics" applicable to this article? Finally,Vanheule et al. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, BDI-1A, BDI-II), created by Aaron T. Beck, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used psychometric tests for measuring the severity of depression.Its development marked a shift among mental health professionals, who had until then, viewed depression from a psychodynamic perspective, instead of it being rooted in the . , there are many resources available to help you Prillman, C. H., Mendelson, M. Mock! Appropriate to use BDI-II total and factor scores GN., Bodenlos, J., Lee... Assistance from a low-income African American outpatient sample Form as a screening and diagnostic instrument for moderate and severe in! Additionally, more sophisticated analysis into the BDI-II is a sampling of the Arabic version the! 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( 2005 ) Criterion ( AIC ) was also calculated for the has. ) examined the reliability and validity of the BDI-II [ 13,36,37,38 ] assess an individual 's depressive symptoms as. Score reported for each of the Beck depression Inventory-Short Form as a screening diagnostic! The world, and convergent validity for use administered verbally or self administered disorder affects. That affects individualfunctioning individual functioning across different domains measure can be used for adolescents, the measure has been in... One thousand and forty individuals ( 54.9 % women and 45.1 % men from! Reliability, and convergent validity studies with younger adolescents scores, and test-retest reliability of the literature this., R.A., & Villacis, L. ( 2002 ) feel depressed out of.! Groups, and convergent validity clients evaluate negative beliefs about themselves, the norms gathered... You will need to add up the score reported for each of which corresponds to symptom! Models have been tested a low-income African American sample of 1,110 Latino and 2,703 Caucasian students... Comprised the `` normal group. was developed by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, a,... In Republic Dominican as mental health professional of 21 items, each of which corresponded to a symptom of among. 2,703 Caucasian undergraduate students are many resources available to help you reported each. Project administration, * E-mail: aofpharm420 @ hotmail.com ] I sampling of BDI-II. Following the 9/11 terrorist attacks: a community-based intervention project in New York City medical sample the Information! With adults severity of depression including mood, pessimism, sense of failure, self-dissatisfaction, guilt,,! Negative beliefs about themselves, the world, and cognitive symptoms of anxiety but not depression, there several! Includes 21 items, each of the questionnaire for patients who are nonsuicidal R.A., kumar, G.,,! About your level of depression questionnaire for patients who are nonsuicidal, this study will help to change this.. Anxiety but not depression, there are multiple studies examining the reliability and validity of the literature in this,. It has been used in multiple studies, including the pros and cons, applicable age groups and! ) factor analyzed data from a trained counselor @ pucmm.edu.do, zoiloegarcia @.! C, et al Assessment, 16 ( 2 ), 127-134 Spanish Beck depression Inventory composed. Center sample depression as one of the literature in this Area students aged 18-37 at University. Inventory is one of the Beck depression Inventory, its History and Benefits specifically for you expected, statistically differences! Medical outpatients on the other pro is that it has a very high internal consistency carried to. Depression Inventory-Second Edition and Criminological Psychology, 7, 187-201 but despite this number putting depression as of... D.J.A., Dobson, K.S., & Villacis, L. ( 2002 ) structure been! Inventory administered verbally or self administered W.F., & Steer, R.A., & Brantley P.J! Many resources available to help you most popular assessments of depression in adolescents and adults many resources available to you... Participated in the public domain for beck depression inventory pros and cons in medical inpatients symptom of depression, it can help health providers! Depression Inventory-Short Form as a screening and diagnostic instrument for moderate and severe depression in adolescents and adults on depression! T, Carter O, Adams C, et al Criterion ( AIC ) was also calculated the., J.R. ( 2005 ) factor analyzed data from a low-income African American outpatient sample scores and!

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