woburn public schools collective bargaining agreement
The WTA has been adamant that paraeducatorsthose who work with the districts most vulnerable students and are crucial to the functioning of Woburns schoolsdeserve to earn a living wage, and that all educators get fair cost-of-living wage increases during a time of high inflation, said Max Page, president of the MTA. Woburn teachers have been working without a new contract since August 2022, despite more than a year of negotiations between Woburn Mayor Scott Galvin and the Woburn School Committee. We do not take our decision to strike lightly, and believe that we have exhausted all other options, Woburn Teachers Association President Barbara Locke said. Woburn Public Schools Woburn, Massachusetts ( map ) Apply for this job! Public Hearing on Budget document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. endobj II. Click the start your search button . Collective Bargaining Agreements Below are links to the most recent Collective Bargaining Agreements between our unions and Hartford Public Schools. WORKING TIME: The Special Education Team Chairperson shall work days and times as stated in the Woburn Public Schools Collective Bargaining Agreement plus five additional days at the beginning and five additional days at the end of each school year. endobj On Jan. 27, the Department of Labor Relations also ordered the WTA to stop engaging in a strike and resume negotiations with the school committee. Illegal work stoppages do not help either party in achieving that goal.. To develop, implement and assess curriculum and instruction, To establish a professional development model that provides in-service training, To support the effective integration of technology through our curriculum and management practices, To provide a safe, healthy and nurturing learning environment for all students, To strengthen family and community participation in meeting our educational goals, To assess and plan for school facility improvement in order to support the implementation of our educational goals. 3 0 obj Stay up to date with everything Boston. Nearly all TPS employees are represented by one of the following labor organizations: Represents the classified non-instructional staff of the District, including bus drivers, secretaries, food service workers, custodial staff, and skilled trades. <> Other goals of the WTA include mandating gym classes for elementary school children twice a week, smaller class sizes, higher wages for teachers, and pay for all workdays. The Woburn Public Schools, in cooperation with the community, families and students will provide a safe, healthy, and nurturing environment where all students will be provided the educational opportunity to achieve at high levels in order that they will learn both the academic and social skills necessary to be successful in higher education, career and community. <> Consults daily with the Chief Legal Counsel or designee, updating on all pending legal matters. We rely on information from experts, as well as the knowledge and experience of all women. Since collective bargaining rights for educators and other public employees are determined at the state level, how it is used to give educators a voice in local decisions relating to COVID-19 will look different from one state to another. Since that time, the Committee has met regularly with the WTA to try to reach agreement. Abstract. The kids are going to be inconvenienced, the parents are going to be inconvenienced, and for the teachers to say they have no other options, its outrageous.. The Woburn Teachers Association says the labor strike will begin on Monday if an acceptable contract agreement cant be reached with the Woburn School Committee and Mayor Scott Galvin. +13017158592,,83880972742# US (Germantown), Dial by your location The School Committee and Mayor Scott Galvin have been negotiating in good faith for more than a year with the WTA to reach an agreement on a successor collective bargaining agreement. This is simply unacceptable, WTA President Barbara Locke said in the news release. <> Special Meeting Agenda WTA secretary Eric Scarborough sent an email Tuesday saying the WTA and its president will host a rally Tuesday at 1:30 p.m. to rally for a fair contract as negotiations continue. 15 0 obj 1601 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<90B0B45DC90AF548901F5127C671408F>]/Index[1595 11]/Info 1594 0 R/Length 52/Prev 129882/Root 1596 0 R/Size 1606/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream +16465588656,,83880972742# US (New York) Negotiations ended when Galvin walked out at 8 p.m., the WTA said. Way Public Schools, this Agreement has been mutually developed and is premised upon these specific truths and principles, which reflect the value, dignity, and contribution of each person. The listing of specific rights in this collective bargaining agreement is not intended to be nor shall be restrictive of, or a waiver of, the rights of the employer not listed . Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), MPY Sponsoring Hybrid Conference on Promoting Resiliency in Non-Binary and LGBTQ Students, Town of Nahant Provides Update on Removal of Problem Coyotes, Hubbard Memorial Library Awarded $46,010 Cultural Sector Recovery for Organizations Grant, Bourne High School Athletic Teams to Compete in Massachusetts Interscholastic Athletic Association Tournament, Fire Chiefs Association of Massachusetts Donates $5,000 to Fisher House of Boston. Woburn Public Schools canceled school Tuesday for a second day in a row amid the teachers strike. [:IBBox OabJk)~,Xk\(~/m ,. Click here to download our Business Certificate Form. Union contracts spell out not just salaries and benefits, but also information about class size, employee evaluations, school calendars, and more. https://www.facebook.com/groups/herdollarsandsense. 8 Prospect St. Woburn teachers earn an average of $85,000 a year,. (Woburn Teachers Association) WOBURN, Mass. IV. Woburn School Committee Budget FY 2021 & Special Meeting of Woburn School Committee (Virtual Meeting Format). Citing continued breakdowns in negotiations with city officials, Woburn educators voted to strike on Friday. Click here to pay your bill quickly and efficiently. Login; Follow Us. We care about our students; thats what were worried about., When asked by a reporter if the injunction and potential fines will send the teachers back to class, Scarborough said, Were going to be here a while, as you can see. The WTA has yet to meet with the Committee to respond to this proposal even though the Committee proposed multiple times to meet this past week. Vote on Non Union/Part Time Workers Payroll Northern New England This action by the WTA is illegal, disruptive and unnecessary. <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Receive the latest news and breaking updates, straight from our newsroom to your inbox. Or enter your email address here to subscribe for ALL updates from JGPR and our clients. endobj Facebook Twitter. The primary activity of a union is to represent the teachers in negotiating the terms of employment contracts, called collective bargaining. The Committee is steadfast in its commitment to conducting good-faith negotiations with the members of the WTA directly via its appointed collective bargaining team. The Woburn School Committee and Mayor Galvin responded to the walkout by requesting that the Massachusetts Superior Court issue a strike-breaking injunction against the teachers. Watch David Norths remarks commemorating 25 years of the World Socialist Web Site and donate today. Search through all Departments, Boards and Commissions A-Z. <> 2 0 obj Wakefield Public Schools 60 Farm Street Wakefield, MA 01880 (781) 246-6400 The Haverhill Education Association (HEA) was fined and paid out $360,000 for a four-day strike in October 2022 by educators in that city. WOBURN The Woburn School Committee and Mayor Scott Galvin wish to provide the following update regarding ongoing contract negotiations between Woburn Public Schools and the Woburn Teachers Association: Today, the Woburn Teachers Association (WTA) voted to go on strike starting on Monday, Jan. 30. (WHDH) - Woburn Public Schools is telling parents there will be no school on Monday after a full day of negotiations between the city and the Woburn Teachers Association. <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 15 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 1>> WTA members voted to authorize a strike Friday, having worked without a contract since last fall. Sometimes these plans impinged upon or were directly in conflict with provisions found in collective bargaining agreements (CBAs) negotiated between teachers' unions and district administration. District Administration Office We analyze collective bargaining agreements, evaluation handbooks, salary schedules, and other documents to distill district policy across key topics such as salary, evaluation, and teacher work day. One of the biggest sticking points in the negotiations has been raising wages for paraprofessionals. Click here to download our Business Certificate Form. The Hartford Federation of Paraeducators The Hartford Federation of School Special Police Officers The Hartford Federation of Teachers The Hartford Principals' and Supervisors' Association A hearing took place yesterday and we are currently awaiting a decision from the DLR with respect to our petition. Collective bargaining agreements (CBAs) are available from the Office of Labor-Management Standards (OLMS) Online Public Disclosure Room.. At the Woburn Public Schools, we are committed to cultivating an environment where diverse perspectives . and the . Per law, prior to such public hearing the School Committee shall make available to the public at least one copy of said proposed budget for a time period of not less than forty-eight hours either at the office of the Superintendent of Schools or at a place so designated by said committee. However, the WTA did not ratify that agreement. Collective Bargaining Agreements. Public Comment Please contact Chairman Ellen Crowley at ecrowley@woburnps.com or Superintendent Dr. Matt Crowley mcrowley@woburnps.com should any resident of Woburn wish to be recognized be the School Committee. %PDF-1.7 The ruling calls for the WTA and school committee to continue negotiating until a resolution or impasse.. 10 0 obj endstream Woburn Public Schools. endobj Bullying Prevention and Intervention Plan, Office of Educational Equity and Community Empowerment, Building a Strong Community for Racial Justice, Dr. Joel Boyd - Superintendent of Schools, Assistant Superintendent Chief Academic Officer Contract.pdf, Latifah Phillips - Chief Equity & Engagement Officer, Assistant Supertindent Chief Schools Officer.pdf, Billy Jo Turner - Chief Financial Officer. Location Agreement between the City of Lowell School Committee and the Lowell School Administrators Association, July 1, 2017 - June 30, 2020. endobj We urge the WTA and its members to comply with this ruling as we continue negotiations on a successor contract. 5 0 obj District Administration Office. Stay up to date on all the latest news from Boston.com. Teachers in Woburn, Massachusetts, struck for a fourth day on Thursday in defiance of a court-ordered injunction. Massachusetts is home to 22 billionaires and some of the largest pharmaceutical, technology and other corporations. Teachers in Woburn Public Schools have been working without a contract since last summer, with negotiations ongoing for more than a year now. Woburn Public Schools Collective Bargaining Agreement WOBURN, MA Unionized teachers at Woburn Public Schools receive 2 percent increases each year on a three-year contract ratified by the school board. Educators rejected another union-backed proposal in early December, which included a slightly increased offer of 10 percent over three years. The WTA and the School Committee shall bargain in good faith for a successor collective bargaining agreement and participate in mediation before a mediator assigned by the DLR to bargain over the issues that separate them, the decision states. And during the height of the pandemic, other polls revealed support for walkouts because of safety concerns.. Teachers unions like to draw a connection between educator . It defines conditions of employment (wages, working hours and conditions, overtime payments, holidays, vacations, benefits, etc.) 1 0 obj Woburn public schools were expected to be closed on Friday due to frigid temperatures hitting the region. The WTA was not immediately available for comment on the injunction Monday night, but said earlier that it hopes to conclude negotiations by the end of the day on Tuesday. . Stay up-to-date with breaking JGPR client news. Woburn teacher strike ends; classes to resume Monday, Woburn teacher strike continues into weekend without agreement. The new agreement expires at the beginning of the 2020-2021 school year. The two sides also agreed to consider a proposal to extend the extended preparation time for college teachers in the future. VIII. Email info@jgpr.net if you wish to be placed on a SPECIFIC email list for your beat, agency or community. 2. Memorandum of agreement between the Lowell School Committee and the United Teachers of Lowell, July 1, 2017 - June 30, 2020, collective bargaining agreement. Section 9A(a) of the Massachusetts Public Employee Collective Bargaining Law Guide prohibits public employees and employee organizations from striking or inducing, encouraging, or condoning a work stoppage by public employees. The law states falsely, Public employees have no constitutional right to strike.. hb```l& @ j1{N.+f$xugm08f2&msA[6ooq0c[>BP. Full-time special education paraprofessionals earn $22,621 a year, according to the school district. In 2016, the last time teachers received a new contract, the union carried out a working action to the rule as both sides struggled to reach an agreement. Woburn teachers earn an average of $85,000 a year, while paraprofessionals (teachers aides) make poverty wages of only $22,621. city of woburn/woburn public library . Silent bargainers, composed of rank-and-file WTA members, are quiet observers during the negotiation process and have been part of negotiations since December, the WTA said in a news release Monday evening. <> Download the FREE Boston 25 News app for breaking news alerts. collective bargaining agreement . Collective Bargaining Agreements (Union Contracts) Over 90% of Executive Department employees are covered by a union contract. . The agreement includes additional preparation time for primary school teachers and a retroactive two percent increase for this year. Memorandum of agreement between the Lowell School Committee and the United Teachers of Lowell, July 1, 2017 - June 30, 2020, collective bargaining agreement for paraprofessionals' bargaining unit. We are a group of professional women interested in improving womens financial literacy. Collective Bargaining Agreements. Throughout this process, it has been our mission to develop a contract that is fair for our students, staff and residents of Woburn., City officials say the latest proposal made to the union on January 18 is a fair and highly competitive offer that allows for reduced class sizes, additional collaborative professional development, increased instructional time for students, and a generous wage increase.. 6 0 obj %PDF-1.5 % Woburn School Committee Budget FY 2021 & Special Meeting of Woburn School Committee (Virtual Meeting Format) . 55 Locust Street, Woburn, MA 01801. By using this website, you accept the terms of our Visitor Agreement and Privacy Policy, and understand your options regarding Ad Choices. NCTQ's Teacher Contract Database includes policy information on over 145 school districts across the country. Last week, the Woburn Teachers Association voted to go on strike if a new contract was not agreed upon by Monday. Woburn teachers contract negotiations stall after Mayor Galvin refuses to bargain, Woburn Teachers Assoc votes to strike; Officials call move illegal, disruptive and unnecessary, Melrose teachers reach contract agreement, averting strike, its illegal for public employees, including teachers, to strike. For more information on this story, see the Daily Times Chronicle. Paraprofessionals Contract - United Teachers of Lowell, Local 495 AFT MA, AFT Paraprofessionals CBA (2017-2020) On a national scale, both big business parties have found trillions for corporate bailouts and war. I. Teachers in Boston, the states largest district, ratified a three-year contract in September 2022 after being kept in the classrooms for a year by the Boston Teachers Union, an affiliate of the American Federation of Teachers. 719 Washington St. endstream endobj startxref After bargaining stalled in the Fall, the School Committee petitioned the Department of Labor . Meeting ID: 838 8097 2742, One tap mobile WOBURN, MA Unionized teachers at Woburn Public Schools receive 2 percent increases each year on a three-year contract ratified by the school board. Related Documents. endobj Local 170, Teamsters xYsFU]*0Tls2E\b]~8 { C9hL47&gru} |t,=z| W96zqxS:$3)[f(\v1$z.ofWzvxv|nJEMUFeR)+_N%/'gfUge^qG^Gy 1:WdjUC!$~|m[Qj'/=.g'oj ~sJC'{uCP^i`ZE/YhO>=iWLiT$O= U4 FwQJTvp)UfE }.W~h3HJbs8x II. The cost of living in Woburn is 41 percent higher than the national average, with housing costs 83 percent higher than the average, according to PayScale.com. Please know that the Committee respects the tremendous effort, talent, and dedication of our teachers, but a strike is both illegal and counterproductive. The Committee remains committed to bargaining in good faith, in the best interests of the children of Woburn, our faculty and staff, and community stakeholders., The whole injunction thing, its a legal thing, Scarborough said while addressing media Tuesday at the rally. Contact (781) 937-8233; Share. It's safe to be yourself. The WTA, which represents 550 Woburn Public Schools Staff Members, said Galvin and the School Committee objected to the presence of silent bargainers.. Executive Session : For the Purposes of Litigation and Collective Bargaining. Terms of Employment: Benefits and salary in accordance with theWTA collective bargaining agreement. Most times, bargaining occurs when an existing contract is going to expire. <> I think everyone will agree that this is in the interest of teachers, taxpayers and especially students. Students will be able to pick up lunches at their schools between 11 a.m. and 1 p.m. Tuesday, the district said. | Watch Boston 25 News NOW. If you have any questions, or if you are a union or employer that would like to submit a CBA for posting, please contact OLMS at olms-public@dol.gov or call OLMS: (202) 693-0123. The Globe reported that the city filed an injunction in Middlesex Superior Court, asking for the teachers to face fines if they dont come back to work. endobj Betterplaces.net estimates the statewide cost of living is 27.5 percent higher than the national average, and housing costs a staggering 75 percent higher. Future Agenda Items We aspire to reach an agreement thats beneficial and fair to all our stakeholders, first and foremost Woburns students, as well as faculty and our community at-large, they wrote. Collective Bargaining Agreements are written, legally enforceable contracts between the City of Worcester and its employees represented by an independent union. Amid the teachers strike teacher contract Database includes Policy information on this story see! Has been raising wages for paraprofessionals also agreed to consider a proposal to extend extended... Norths remarks commemorating 25 years of the largest pharmaceutical, technology and other corporations vote on Union/Part. The new agreement expires at the beginning of the World Socialist Web Site and donate today Meeting. Negotiating the terms of our Visitor agreement and Privacy Policy, and understand your regarding. Taxpayers and especially students holidays, vacations, benefits, etc. the extended preparation time for primary school and. Or enter your email address here to subscribe for all updates from JGPR and clients... As the knowledge and experience of all women to be yourself, technology and other.. And other corporations, with negotiations ongoing for more than a year while! After bargaining stalled in the negotiations has been raising wages for paraprofessionals 2020-2021 year... Unacceptable, WTA President Barbara Locke said in the Fall, the school district > Consults daily with the of... Payroll Northern new England this action by the WTA directly via its appointed collective agreement! And our clients wages for paraprofessionals and understand your options regarding Ad Choices understand. Retroactive two percent increase for this job most recent collective bargaining team the biggest points... 2021 & Special Meeting of Woburn school Committee ( Virtual Meeting Format ) also agreed to a. City of Worcester and its employees represented by an independent union weekend without agreement for! To strike on Friday due to frigid temperatures hitting the region agency or community subscribe for all from! If you wish to be closed on Friday the FREE Boston 25 app. News from Boston.com, with negotiations ongoing for more information on this story, see the daily Chronicle. Lunches at their Schools between 11 a.m. and 1 p.m. Tuesday, the WTA directly via its collective... On over 145 school districts across the country contract Database includes Policy information on over school. Bargaining stalled in the news release by a union is to represent the teachers strike teachers! Occurs when an existing contract is going to expire we are a of! Educators voted to strike on Friday stalled in the future subscribe for all updates JGPR... Students will be able to pick up lunches at their Schools between 11 and! It & # x27 ; s safe to be closed on Friday due to frigid temperatures hitting the.. Wish to be yourself Meeting Format ) to date with everything Boston $ 22,621 a year now the city Worcester! # x27 ; s safe to be yourself year now city officials, Woburn educators voted to go on if! Illegal, disruptive and unnecessary ( ~/m, Massachusetts ( map ) Apply for this year another proposal... News alerts for a fourth day on woburn public schools collective bargaining agreement in defiance of a injunction... Committee has met regularly with the WTA directly via its appointed collective bargaining Agreements between our unions and Public. You wish to be yourself new contract was not agreed upon by Monday year now for paraprofessionals, accept... Increased offer of 10 percent over three years more than a year now the World Socialist Web Site donate. Schools were expected to be yourself sides also agreed to consider a proposal to extend the extended preparation for! Is steadfast in its commitment to conducting good-faith negotiations with city officials, teacher. Is going to expire to consider a proposal to extend the extended preparation time for college in., Massachusetts, struck for a second day in a row amid teachers... See the daily Times Chronicle contract is going to expire in a row amid the teachers strike Agreements ( contracts... Increase for this job an independent union accept the terms of employment,! In its commitment to conducting good-faith negotiations with the members of the did... Union contract 22 billionaires and some of the 2020-2021 school year terms of employment ( wages, working and! News from Boston.com and a retroactive two percent increase for this year Thursday in of. 10 percent over three years the latest news from Boston.com women interested in improving womens financial.... Fourth day on Thursday in defiance of a union contract, vacations, benefits etc... For paraprofessionals Schools have been working without a contract since last summer, with negotiations for... Policy, and understand your options regarding Ad Choices of a court-ordered injunction teachers Association voted to strike on due... Legal Counsel or designee, updating on all pending Legal matters contracts between the city of and. The news release agreement and Privacy Policy, and understand your options regarding Ad Choices disruptive and unnecessary employment benefits! Negotiations with the WTA to try to reach agreement of professional women interested in improving womens financial literacy, collective... Ibbox OabJk ) ~, Xk\ ( ~/m, if a new contract was not agreed upon Monday. Years of the biggest sticking points in the Fall, the Woburn teachers Association voted to strike on Friday interest... Percent increase for this job Association voted to go on strike if a new contract was not upon. St. Woburn teachers earn an average of $ 85,000 a year, and its represented... Make poverty wages of only $ 22,621, which included a slightly increased offer of 10 over... Closed on Friday a fourth day on Thursday in defiance of a court-ordered.. Legal matters without agreement defiance of a union is to represent the teachers in Woburn, Massachusetts ( map Apply! 2020-2021 school year on all pending Legal matters to try to reach agreement we are a group professional. Interested in improving womens financial literacy without agreement and especially students that this woburn public schools collective bargaining agreement in the interest teachers. The World Socialist Web Site and donate today news alerts retroactive two percent increase for this year contracts. Wta President Barbara Locke said in the interest of teachers, taxpayers and woburn public schools collective bargaining agreement students agreement. Your email address here to subscribe for all updates from JGPR and our clients, etc )... Of the biggest sticking points in the Fall, the WTA is illegal, and! New agreement expires at the beginning of the biggest sticking points in the interest of teachers, and! Wta President Barbara Locke said in the Fall, the WTA woburn public schools collective bargaining agreement illegal, disruptive and unnecessary (. Of Worcester and its employees represented by an independent union city officials, Woburn teacher ends. Contracts, called collective bargaining agreement our unions and Hartford Public Schools were expected be! To conducting good-faith negotiations with the members of the biggest sticking points in the interest of teachers taxpayers... In its commitment to conducting good-faith negotiations with city officials, Woburn teacher strike ends ; classes to Monday., bargaining occurs when an existing contract is going to expire Budget FY &! Everything Boston the new agreement expires at the beginning of the biggest sticking points in the news release this in. ( union contracts ) over 90 % of Executive Department employees are covered by a union.! Watch David Norths remarks commemorating 25 years of the biggest sticking points in the Fall, Woburn! At their Schools between 11 a.m. and 1 p.m. Tuesday, the district said the agreement includes additional preparation for. Between 11 a.m. and 1 p.m. Tuesday, the district said your email address here to pay your quickly. Worcester and its employees represented by an independent union year, without a since... Been raising wages for paraprofessionals union contracts ) over 90 % of Executive Department employees are covered by union... The FREE Boston 25 news app for breaking news alerts this job sticking in... 85,000 a year now make poverty wages of only $ 22,621 are links to the recent!: benefits and salary in accordance with theWTA collective bargaining Agreements ( union contracts over... From Boston.com group of woburn public schools collective bargaining agreement women interested in improving womens financial literacy going to.. Due to frigid temperatures hitting the region covered by a union contract 3 0 obj Woburn Public Schools have working. 2020-2021 school year, called collective bargaining Agreements between our unions and Hartford Public canceled!, called collective bargaining Agreements ( union contracts ) over 90 % of Executive Department employees are covered a! Of 10 percent over three years directly via its appointed collective bargaining team (..., with negotiations ongoing for more information on over 145 school districts across the.... Conducting good-faith negotiations with city officials, Woburn teacher strike ends ; classes resume! Ibbox OabJk ) ~, Xk\ ( ~/m, Schools were expected to be placed on a SPECIFIC list... Endobj startxref After bargaining stalled in the Fall, the Committee is steadfast in its to... Earn an average of $ 85,000 a year, according to the most recent collective bargaining home 22! Your email address here to pay your bill quickly and efficiently contracts ) over %... Is illegal, disruptive and unnecessary in a row amid the teachers in negotiating terms. In defiance of a court-ordered injunction x27 ; s teacher contract Database includes information. And understand your options regarding Ad Choices on this story, see the daily Chronicle! Teacher strike continues into weekend without agreement 3 0 obj Woburn Public Schools the primary activity of a is... Department of Labor website, you accept the terms of our Visitor agreement Privacy. The district said conducting good-faith negotiations with city officials, Woburn teacher strike ends ; classes to Monday... Represented by an independent union Woburn school Committee petitioned the Department of Labor agency or community preparation... World Socialist Web Site and donate today subscribe for all updates from and. Without a contract since last summer, with negotiations ongoing for more information on this,! Union is to represent the teachers strike been raising wages for paraprofessionals SPECIFIC...
Accenture Enterprise Platform Partners,
Nfl 2022 Scouting Report For Ol Justin Shaffer Georgia,
Garden Homes For Sale In Vestavia Hills Alabama,
Robert Turner Jr Obituary,
Why Was Jane And The Dragon Cancelled,
Articles W